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Since safety is to protect the user, this determines that safety testing is very different from performance and design testing, and even has Some tests are bizarre tests。The instruments and tools used for testing are also special requirements of safety regulations。But these tests, there are Some are actions we often do in our daily lives, and some are safety indicators。 1. Input test: The purpose of safety input test is to examine whether the input meets the requirements of the product design and whether the input circuit can be used when the product is working normally Enough to withstand the current required for product operation。It is stipulated in the product standard that the input current of the maximum power consumption cannot be greater than the product 110% of the nominal value。This nominal value is also the minimum current that tells the user that the product needs to work safely, so that the user can use it This is the electrical environment that needs to be prepared for this device。 2. Stability test of safety mark: The use of safe warning signs for users must be stable and reliable, and cannot become blurred after a period of use. And lead to the user's wrong use, and lead to danger, or directly lead to danger。So we need to test this stability。在安 The full standard stipulates that: test 15S with water, and then test 15S with gasoline, and the mark cannot be blurred。 3. Capacitance discharge test: For a device where the power cord can be plugged in and out, the power cord is often pulled out of the socket, and the power plug of the socket is often pulled out To be played with, or placed arbitrarily。This causes a problem when the power plug is unplugged and this electricity is charged over time Disappear, if this time is too long, then it will cause an electric shock to the person playing with the plug, and the power plug placed arbitrarily will be damaged Other devices or devices themselves。Therefore, the safety standards of each machine make strict provisions on this time。We design products to Consider this time, the product safety certification needs to measure this time。 4. Circuit stability test: 1) SELV circuit The SELV circuit is the safe voltage circuit, which is safe for the user, such as the straight of the mobile phone charger Stream the output to the phone, they are safe and can be touched arbitrarily without danger。 Note: SELV circuits have different interpretations in different standards, such as IEC60364 interpretation and IEC60950-1 interpretation Different, so the SELV needs to be noted under which standard, the danger is also different。 A SELV circuit needs to meet special requirements in order to be a SELV circuit, and these requirements are, in the case of a single fault, still are Meet SELV circuit requirements。Therefore, every SELV circuit needs to be tested under a single fault to prove that it is SELV The circuit is stable。The SELV circuit is monitored by introducing single faults one by one during testing。 2) Limited power source circuit Because the power output of the limited power source circuit is very small, in known experience, they do not cause a fire hazard, so in In the safety standard, the housing of this type of circuit has been specially reduced, and their flame retardant grade is UL94V-2。因此 Such circuits need to be measured to prove that they are limited-power source circuits。 3) Current limiting source circuit People who have engaged in electricians know that AC220V circuit after a certain resistance, there is no danger to people。So exactly how much Large resistance, and what are the requirements for resistance。Maybe people don't know。It's in the safety standards, This rule is the current limiting source circuit。The current limiting source current requires that under normal circuit and single fault, the outgoing current is in ampere Below the total limit value, the risk to people will not be less than 0.25mA。The resistance for isolating the primary and secondary circuits is required to be full Adequate standard impact resistance。 5. Ground continuous test: Anyone who has done electrical installation knows that some equipment must be grounded, otherwise there will be dangerous voltages on the surface it can touch。这些 Dangerous voltage must be released through grounding。The safety test specifies how much current needs to be used, for how long, and the measured resistance must be Must be less than 0.1 ohms, or a voltage drop less than 2.5V (conditional use of this value)。 6. Moisture test: The moisture test is to simulate the safety performance of the equipment under extreme ring tightness。After the device is manufactured, it is under any humidity Can operate safely, can not tell the user that the equipment can not be used because it is the rainy season and the humidity is high。Therefore, it must be tested in the design The equipment meets safety requirements at predictable humidity, so humidity testing is a must。Test requirements vary according to the standard, There are small differences。 7. Torque test: The torsion test is that the external wire of the equipment is often bent and deformed by external force during use。This test is to test the wire energy Enough to withstand the number of bending, in the product life cycle will not be broken due to external force, AC220V wire exposed and other dangers 险。 8. Stability test: In the normal use of equipment, there are often different external forces, such as: relatively high equipment people will rely on it, or someone is in Climb it during maintenance;A relatively low device, shaped like a stool, on which someone may stand and wait。Due to equipment These external forces, the equipment is not considered in the design of the week plenary will lead to equipment collapse, flipping and other dangers。So the equipment design is complete You need to do these tests when you're done。Check that they meet safety requirements。 9. Shell force test: During the use of the equipment, it will be subjected to various external forces, which may cause the equipment shell to deform Internal hazards occur in the device, or the indicators do not meet the requirements。Therefore, these effects must be considered in the design of equipment, safety recognition These indicators must be tested。 10. Drop test: Small devices or benchtop devices, in normal use, may fall from their hands or workbenches to the ground。These falls could be The internal safety specifications of the device cannot meet the requirements。Therefore, this effect must be considered when designing equipment, when safety certification These metrics need to be tested。The requirement is that the equipment falls behind and the function can be lost, but it cannot cause danger to the user。 11. Stress release test: If there are dangerous circuits inside the equipment, etc., the equipment is in normal use, and if the shell is deformed, the danger is exposed It's not allowed。These effects must be considered in the design of equipment, and these indicators must be tested for safety certification。 12. Battery charging and discharging test: If there is a rechargeable battery inside the device, you need to do a charge and discharge test, and a single fault charge test and overcharge test。 This is because the equipment is in normal use, charging and discharging, and the equipment has a fault, but the main function has not been lost, so The user will not find the equipment failure, in this case, the charge discharge requirements are safe, can not cause explosion and other hazards 险。 13. Temperature test of equipment: (temperature of internal and external surfaces under normal operation) In the safety test, the temperature rise test is the most important, although the test uses the same equipment and instruments as the artificial climate environment test, but the test There is a big difference between observing items and testing devices and purposes。The artificial climate environment mainly examines the adaptability and reliability of the equipment。而安 The test is whether the equipment can work safely。Here is an example to illustrate the difference: safety testing mainly tests safety The temperature of the device, such as the normal operating temperature of the insulation material, which is at the highest allowable operating temperature of the device, Less than the maximum allowable temperature of the insulation material。For example, the temperature of the insulating material tested at 25 ° C is 100 ° C, and the insulating material It can only be operated safely below 130 ° C, which is critical to define the maximum allowable operating temperature of the device, if the device is 50 ° C Ambient temperature, then the insulation material converted to 50 ° C ambient temperature test temperature should be 125 ° C, to meet less than 130 ° C Please, the test passes。If the ambient temperature of the equipment is 60 ° C, the test temperature of the ambient temperature converted to 60 ° C should be 135 If the temperature is higher than 130 ° C, the test fails。Similarly, other safety devices also need to test the operating temperature。To determine whether Meet the requirements。 14. Ball pressure test: As a support for insulating materials or plastic parts with dangerous voltages, ball pressure tests are required to ensure that the parts under dangerous voltages are at high temperatures When working, the plastic parts have sufficient support strength。The test temperature is the maximum temperature plus 15℃, but not less than 125℃。球 The pressure time is maintained at the required temperature for 1H。 15. Contact current test: Contact current is often referred to as leakage current。This current is strictly controlled, and each safety standard has strict provisions, so it is set The meter should strictly control this current and test this current during product certification。 16. Pressure test: Withstand voltage test, also called withstand voltage test or high voltage test。Mainly used to investigate the resistance of equipment insulation, designed The insulation meets the design requirements。Different kinds of insulation, its test voltage is different。The pressure tests are all done with moisture After the test, in order to investigate the tolerance of the equipment when wet。 17. Exception test: Exception testing is divided into single-fault testing, and mis-use testing, and common abnormal use testing。 Single fault test refers to the equipment in a fault state, the equipment requirements are safe。 Misuse means that the equipment has a regulating device, or other devices, in the wrong position or condition of the test, requiring that the equipment is Safe, which is allowed for loss of device function。 Common abnormal use test: refers to some decorative parts that may be added to the device because people like beauty, and these decorations are correct The heat dissipation of the equipment is an extremely unfavorable test。For example, cover a dust cover on the TV, and forget to take it when using the TV 下来。The phone is in a mobile phone bag, etc。 18. Safety design Safety design is in the equipment product, to meet the safety requirements of the product design。The specific requirements vary from one standard to another, but The purpose is to protect the safety of users。